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CWAP-404 Vce Format & Latest CWAP-404 Test Questions

Many people think that passing some difficult CWNP certification exams needs to be proficient in much of CWAP-404 expertise and only these CWNP personnels who grasp the comprehensive knowledge would be able to enroll in the exam. In fact, there are many ways to help you make up for your lack of knowledge, and pass the CWAP-404 Certification exams in the same. Perhaps you would spend less time and effort than the people who grasp fairly comprehensive expertise. The saying goes, all roads lead to Rome.

CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Topics:

Section
Objectives

Protocol Analysis - 15%

Capture 802.11 frames using the appropriate methods
- Select capture devices

Laptop protocol analyzers
APs, controllers, and other management solutions
Specialty devices (hand-held analyzers and custom-built devices)

- Install monitor mode drivers
- Select capture location(s)
- Capture sufficient data for analysis
- Capture all channels or capture on a single channel as needed
- Capture roaming events

Understand and apply the common capture configuration parameters available in protocol analysis tools
- Save to disk
- Packet slicing
- Event triggers
- Buffer options
- Channels and channel widths
- Capture filters
- Channel scanning and dwell time

Analyze 802.11 frame captures to discover problems and find solutions
- Use appropriate display filters to view relevant frames and packets
- Use colorization to highlight important frames and packets
- Configure and display columns for analysis purposes
- View frame and packet decodes while understanding the information shown and applying it to the analysis process
- Use multiple adapters and channel aggregation to view captures from multiple channels
- Implement protocol analyzer decryption procedures
- View and use a capture’s statistical information for analysis
- Use expert mode for analysis
- View and understand peer maps as they relate to communications analysis

Utilize additional tools that capture 802.11 frames for analysis and troubleshooting
- WLAN scanners and discovery tools
- Protocol capture visualization and analysis tools
- Centralized monitoring, alerting, and forensic tools

Ensure appropriate troubleshooting methods are used with all analysis types
- Define the problem
- Determine the scale of the problem
- Identify probable causes
- Capture and analyze the data
- Observe the problem
- Choose appropriate remediation steps
- Document the problem and resolution

Spectrum Analysis - 10%

Capture RF spectrum data and understand the common views available in spectrum analyzers
- Install, configure, and use spectrum analysis software and hardware
- Capture RF spectrum data using handheld, laptop-based, and infrastructure spectrum capture solutions
- Understand and use spectrum analyzer views

Real-time FFT
Waterfall, swept spectrogram, density, and historic views
Utilization and duty cycle
Detected devices
WLAN integration views

Analyze spectrum captures to identify relevant RF information and issues
- RF noise floor in an environment
- Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for a given signal
- Sources of RF interference and their locations
- RF channel utilization
- Non-Wi-Fi transmitters and their impact on WLAN communications
- Overlapping and non-overlapping adjacent channel interference
- Poor performing or faulty radios

Analyze spectrum captures to identify various device signatures
- Identify various 802.11 PHYs

DSSS
OFDM
OFDMA
Channel widths
Primary channel

- Identify non-802.11 devices based on RF behaviors and signatures

Frequency hopping devices
IoT devices
Microwave ovens
Video devices
RF Jammers
Cordless phones

Use centralized spectrum analysis solutions
- AP-based spectrum analysis
- Sensor-based spectrum analysis

PHY Layers and Technologies - 10%

Understand and describe the functions of the PHY layer and the PHY protocol data units (PPDUs)
- DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)
- HR/DSSS (High Rate/Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)
- OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
- ERP (Extended Rate PHY)
- HT (High Throughput)
- VHT (Very High Throughput)
- HE (High Efficiency)

HE SU PPDU
HE MU PPDU
HE ER SU PPDU
HE TB PPDU
HE NULL data packets

Apply the understanding of PHY technologies, including PHY headers, preambles, training fields, frame aggregation, and data rates, to captured data

Identify and use PHY information provided within pseudo-headers in protocol analyzers
- Pseudo-Header formats

Radiotap
Per Packet Information (PPI)

- Key pseudo-header content

Guard intervals
Resource units allocation
PPDU formats
Signal strength
Noise
Data rate and MCS index
Length information
Channel center frequency or received channel
Channel properties

Recognize the limits of protocol analyzers to capture PHY information including NULL data packets and PHY headers

Use appropriate capture devices based on proper understanding of PHY types
- Supported PHYs
- Supported spatial streams

MAC Sublayer and Functions - 25%

Understand frame encapsulation and frame aggregation
- Frame aggregation (A-MSDU and A-MPDU)

Identify and use MAC information in captured data for analysis
- Management, Control, and Data frames
- MAC frame formats and contents

Frame Control field
To DS and From DS fields
Address fields
Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field

- 802.11 Management frame formats

Information Elements
Authentication
Association and Reassociation
Beacon
Prove Request and Probe Response

- Data and QoS Data frame formats
- 802.11 Control frame formats

Acknowledgement (ACK)
Request to Send/Clear to Send (RTS/CTS)
Block Acknowledgement and related frames
Trigger frames
VHT/HE NDP announcements
Multiuser RTS

Validate BSS configuration through protocol analysis
- Country code
- Minimum basic rate
- Supported rates and coding schemes
- Beacon interval
- WMM settings
- RSN settings
- HT/VHT/HE operations
- Channel width
- Primary channel
- Hidden or non-broadcast SSIDs

Identify and analyze CRC error frames and retransmitted frames

WLAN Medium Access - 10%

Understand 802.11 contention algorithms in-depth and know how they impact WLANs
- Distributed Coordination Function (DCF)

Carrier Sense (CS) and Energy Detect (ED)
Network Allocation Vector (NAV)
Contention Windows (CW) and random backoff
Interframe spacing

- Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA)

EDCA Function (EDCAF)
Access Categories and Queues
Arbitration Interframe Space Number (AIFSN)

- Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM)

WMM parameters
WMM-Power Save
WMM-Admission Control

Analyze QoS configuration and operations
- Verify QoS parameters in capture files
- Ensure QoS is implemented end-to-end

802.11 Frame Exchanges - 30%

Capture, understand, and analyze BSS discovery and joining frame exchanges
- BSS discovery
- 802.11 Authentication and Association
- 802.1X/EAP exchanges
- Pre-Shared Key authentication
- Four-way handshake
- Group key exchange
- Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE)
- Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE)
- WPA2 and WPA3
- Fast secure roaming mechanisms

Fast BSS Transition (FT) roaming exchanges
Pre-FT roaming exchanges

- Neighbor discovery (802.11k/v)
- Hotspot 2.0 protocols and operations from the client access perspective

ANQP
Initial access

Analyze roaming behavior and resolve problems related to roaming
- Sticky clients
- Excessive roaming
- Channel aggregation for roaming analysis

>> CWAP-404 Vce Format <<

HOT CWAP-404 Vce Format - High Pass-Rate CWNP Certified Wireless Analysis Professional - Latest CWAP-404 Test Questions

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CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Certification Details:

Sample Questions
CWNP CWAP-404 Sample Questions

Exam Code
CWAP-404 CWAP

Number of Questions
60

Passing Score
70%

CWNP Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Sample Questions (Q131-Q136):

NEW QUESTION # 131
What is the Extended IFS used in 802.11 contention?

A. When a frame reception begins but the received frame is incomplete or corrupted based on the FCS
B. When the lower data rates are used and you want the fastest medium access times
C. When the higher data rates are used and you want the fastest medium access times
D. When 802.11ac must coexist with 802.11n

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 132
Given a protocol analyzer can decrypt WPA2-PSK data packets providing the PSK and SSID are configured in the analyzer software.
When performing packet capture (in a non-FT environment) which frames are required in order for PSK frame decryption to be possible?

A. Probe Response
B. Authentication
C. Reassociation
D. 4-Way Handshake

Answer: D

Explanation:
The 4-way handshake is the process that establishes the pairwise transient key (PTK) between the client and the AP in WPA2-PSK. The PTK is derived from the PSK, the SSID, and some random numbers exchanged in the handshake frames. The PTK is used to encrypt and decrypt the data frames between the client and the AP. Therefore, in order to decrypt WPA2-PSK data packets, a protocol analyzer needs to capture the 4-way handshake frames and have the PSK and SSID configured in the analyzer software.

NEW QUESTION # 133
Where would you look in a packet trace file to identify the configured Minimum Basic Rate (MBR) of a BSS?

A. In the MBR Action frame
B. Supported Rates & Extended Supported Rates elements in a Beacon frame
C. In the Minimum Basic Rate Element in a Beacon frame
D. In the MBR Information Element in an Association Response frame

Answer: B

Explanation:
The configured Minimum Basic Rate (MBR) of a BSS can be identified by looking at the Supported Rates and Extended Supported Rates elements in a Beacon frame. A Beacon frame is a type of management frame that is transmitted by an AP to advertise its presence and capabilities to potential clients. A Beacon frame contains various information elements (IEs) that provide details about the BSS configuration and operation. The Supported Rates and Extended Supported Rates IEs list the data rates that are supported by the AP for data transmission. The MBR is the lowest data rate among these supported rates that is required for all clients to join and communicate with the BSS. The MBR is usually marked with a flag bit in these IEs to indicate its mandatory status. The other options are not correct, as they do not exist or do not indicate the MBR of a BSS.

NEW QUESTION # 134
To effect Preauthentication, a STA's supplicant sends an IEEE 802.1X/EAPoL Start message.
How is the EAPoL Start message addressed?

A. DA = BSSID of targeted AP; RA = BSSID of the AP to which the STA is associated
B. DA = MAC of the default gateway; RA = Ethernet MAC of the targeted AP
C. DA = BSSID of the targeted AP; RA = Ethernet MAC of the targeted AP
D. DA = MAC of default gateway; RA = BSSID of the AP to which the STA is associated

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 135
A manufacturing facility has installed a new automation system which incorporates an 802.11 wireless network. The automation system is controlled from tablet computers connected via the WLAN. However, the automation system has not gone live due to problem with the tablets connecting to the WLAN. The WLAN vendor has been onsite to perform a survey and confirmed good primary and secondary coverage across the facility. As a CWAP you are called in to perform Spectrum Analysis to identify any interference sources.
From the spectrum analysis, you did not identify any interference sources but were able to correctly identify the issue. Which of the following issues did you identify from the spectrum analysis?

A. There is a power mismatch between the APs and the clients
B. The tablets are connecting to the wrong SSID
C. A high noise floor has resulted in a SNR of less than 20dB
D. The tablets are entering power save mode and failing to wake up to receive the access points transmissions

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation
The most likely issue that can be identified from the spectrum analysis is a power mismatch between the APs and the clients. A power mismatch occurs when the APs transmit at a higher power level than the clients, or vice versa. This can cause asymmetric communication, where one side can hear the other, but not vice versa.
This can result in poor performance, disconnections, or packet loss. A spectrum analysis can reveal a power mismatch by showing different signal amplitudes or RSSI values for the APs and the clients on the same channel or frequency. The other options are not correct, as they cannot be identified from the spectrum analysis alone. The tablets' SSID, power save mode, and noise floor can be determined by using other tools or methods, such as protocol analysis, site survey, or device configuration. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 3: Spectrum Analysis, page 79-80

NEW QUESTION # 136
......

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