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Pass Guaranteed 2025 Juniper JN0-281: Data Center, Associate (JNCIA-DC)–Valid Exam Cram Review

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Juniper JN0-281 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic
Details

Topic 1

Data Center Routing Protocols BGP
OSPF: This section of the exam measures skills of a Network Operations Specialist and covers the operation and key concepts of the OSPF protocol. It explains elements such as the link-state database, OSPF packet types, and router IDs, including how adjacencies and designated routers work within areas. The section then transitions to BGP, outlining its basic operations, message types, attributes, and the path selection process. It also discusses both IBGP and EBGP roles. Lastly, the section reviews how to configure, monitor, and troubleshoot OSPF and BGP using routing policies and various tools.

Topic 2

Data Center Architectures: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Data Center Architect and covers foundational knowledge about various data center designs. It includes traditional multitier architectures as well as more modern IP fabric architectures using spine-leaf topologies. The section also touches on Layer 2 and Layer 3 strategies for forwarding traffic, the differences between overlay and underlay networks, and introduces Ethernet VPN–Virtual Extensible LAN (EVPN-VXLAN), explaining its basic purpose and role in data center environments.

Topic 3

High Availability: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Data Center Reliability Engineer and covers strategies to ensure continuous network availability. It includes features like Link Aggregation Groups (LAG), Graceful Restart (GR), Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD), and Virtual Chassis. It also provides a basic understanding of how to configure, monitor, and troubleshoot each of these high-availability components to maintain resilient network performance.

Topic 4

Layer 2 Switching and VLANs: This section of the exam measuresthe skills of a Network Support Engineer and covers the essential concepts of Layer 2 switching operations within Junos OS. It includes an overview of Ethernet switching and bridging, providing an understanding of how Layer 2 networks function. The section also introduces VLAN concepts, focusing on port modes, VLAN tagging methods, and the purpose of Integrated Routing and Bridging (IRB). It further explores the practical side by addressing how to configure, monitor, and troubleshoot both Layer 2 switching and VLANs.

Topic 5

Protocol-Independent Routing: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Routing Engineer and covers routing features that function independently of any specific protocol. It includes static, aggregate, and generated routes, along with the concept of martian addresses. Routing instances and Routing Information Base (RIB) groups are introduced, as well as techniques like load balancing and filter-based forwarding. Configuration, monitoring, and troubleshooting aspects of these routing components are also covered in this section.

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Juniper Data Center, Associate (JNCIA-DC) Sample Questions (Q142-Q147):

NEW QUESTION # 142
Which statement is correct about a three-stage IP fabric underlay?

A. Every leaf device can communicate directly with other leaf devices.
B. Every spine device can communicate directly with other spine devices.
C. Every ingress interface into the fabric is only two hops away from the egress interface.
D. Every server that connects to a three-stage IP fabric must be multihomed.

Answer: C

Explanation:
In a three-stage IP fabric (also known as a Clos fabric), traffic between any two points (ingress to egress) in the fabric is only two hops away.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Three-Stage IP Fabric:
Leaf Layer: Leaf switches connect directly to servers and edge devices.
Spine Layer: Spine switches provide connectivity between leaf switches but do not connect to each other directly.
Two-Hop Communication:
In this architecture, every leaf switch is connected to every spine switch. Therefore, when a packet enters the fabric via an ingress leaf switch, it is forwarded to a spine switch, which then directs the packet to the correct egress leaf switch. This path always involves exactly two hops: Ingress leaf → Spine → Egress leaf.
Benefits:
This consistent two-hop path ensures predictable latency and makes the network highly scalable while maintaining low complexity.
Juniper
Reference: IP Fabric Architecture: This two-hop property of Clos fabrics is a hallmark of spine-leaf designs, as supported by Juniper's QFX and EX switches in data centers.

NEW QUESTION # 143
By default, which two statements are correct about BGP advertisements? (Choose two.)

A. BGP peers advertise routes received from IBGP peers to other IBGP peers.
B. BGP peers advertise routes received from EBGP peers to other IBGP peers.
C. BGP peers advertise routes from IBGP peers to EBGP peers using its own address as the next hop.
D. BGP peers advertise routes from EBGP peers to other IBGP peers using its own address as the next hop.

Answer: B,C

Explanation:
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) has specific rules for route advertisement between peers.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
EBGP to IBGP Route Propagation:
BGP peers advertise routes learned from EBGP peers to IBGP peers within the same AS. This ensures that routes learned from external networks are propagated internally within the AS.
IBGP to EBGP Route Propagation:
Routes learned from IBGP peers can be advertised to EBGP peers, but when advertising these routes, the router uses its own IP address as the next hop.
IBGP Split Horizon:
By default, IBGP peers do not advertise routes learned from one IBGP peer to another IBGP peer. This rule (IBGP split horizon) prevents routing loops within an AS.
Juniper Reference:
BGP Advertisement Rules: Junos adheres to BGP standards, where IBGP peers do not propagate routes to other IBGP peers, but EBGP peers receive IBGP routes with the advertising router as the next hop.

NEW QUESTION # 144
Which statement is correct about aggregate routes?

A. The default next hop is readvertise.
B. The default next hop is resolve.
C. The default next hop is discard.
D. The default next hop is reject.

Answer: D

Explanation:
An aggregate route is a summarized route that is created by combining multiple specific routes into a single, broader route. In Junos OS, when an aggregate route is configured, its default next hop is set to reject.
Step-by-Step Explanation:
Aggregate Route:
Aggregate routes are used to reduce the size of routing tables by representing a collection of more specific routes with a single summary route. They help improve routing efficiency and scalability, especially in large networks.
Default Next Hop Behavior:
When you configure an aggregate route in Junos OS, it has a reject next hop by default.
The reject next hop means that if a packet matches the aggregate route but there is no more specific route in the routing table for that destination, the packet will be discarded, and an ICMP "destination unreachable" message is sent to the source.
This behavior helps to prevent routing loops and ensures that traffic isn't forwarded to destinations for which there is no valid route.
Modifying Next Hop:
If needed, the next hop behavior of an aggregate route can be changed to discard (which silently drops the packet) or to another specific next hop. However, by default, the next hop is set to reject.
Juniper Reference:
Junos Command: set routing-options aggregate route <route> reject to configure an aggregate route with a reject next hop.
Verification: Use show route to verify the presence and behavior of aggregate routes.

NEW QUESTION # 145
A routing policy has been created to advertise OSPF routes in BGP.
Which statement is correct in this scenario?

A. Apply the policy as an import policy within OSPF.
B. Apply the policy as an import policy within BGP.
C. Apply the policy as an export policy within BGP.
D. Apply the policy as an export policy within OSPF.

Answer: C

Explanation:
When advertising OSPF routes into BGP, the appropriate routing policy should be applied as an export policy in BGP.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
OSPF to BGP Route Advertisement:
Routes learned via OSPF (a dynamic IGP) need to be exported into BGP to be advertised to external BGP peers. In Junos OS, this is done using export policies.
Export Policies in BGP:
An export policy controls which routes are advertised out of a BGP session. In this scenario, the routing policy must be applied to BGP as an export policy to export the OSPF-learned routes to external BGP peers.
Policy Configuration:
Example configuration:
set policy-options policy-statement EXPORT_OSPF term 1 from protocol ospf set policy-options policy-statement EXPORT_OSPF term 1 then accept set protocols bgp group <group-name> export EXPORT_OSPF This policy ensures that only OSPF routes are exported into BGP. Juniper Reference: Routing Policy: Export policies are used in BGP to control route advertisements to peers, including those learned via OSPF.

NEW QUESTION # 146
Which statement is correct about IBGP?

A. It ensures that the local and remote peers use different AS numbers.
B. It requires a logical full mesh.
C. It requires a physical full mesh.
D. It ensures that duplicate AS numbers are not present in the AS path.

Answer: B

Explanation:
In IBGP (Internal Border Gateway Protocol), all routers within the same AS (Autonomous System) must have a logical full-mesh topology. This means that every IBGP router must be able to communicate with every other IBGP router directly or indirectly to ensure proper route propagation.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Logical Full Mesh:
In an IBGP setup, routers do not re-advertise routes learned from one IBGP peer to another IBGP peer. This rule is in place to prevent routing loops within the AS.
To ensure full route propagation, a logical full mesh is required, meaning every IBGP router must peer with every other IBGP router in the AS. This can be done either directly or via route reflection or confederation.
Physical Full Mesh Not Required:
The physical topology does not need to be a full mesh, but the BGP peering relationships must form a logical full mesh. Techniques like route reflectors or BGP confederations can reduce the need for manual full-mesh peering.
Juniper
Reference: IBGP Configuration: IBGP logical full mesh requirements can be simplified using route reflectors to avoid the complexity of manually configuring many IBGP peers.

NEW QUESTION # 147
......

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